1 The defeat of the revolutionary upsurge· in Europe, 1918-1923 The international revolution expected by the Russian proletariat and the Bolshevik leaders eventually broke out in 1918. Workers’ and soldiers’ coundls were set up in Germany and Austria. In Hungary, a Soviet Republic was proclaimed in March 1919; in Bavaria, in April 1919. The workers … Continue reading Chapter 12 – Stalinism [From Class Society to Communism]